‘Entering the Work’
‘Entering the Work’ is a cycle of exhibitions which will run for several months in the first-floor galleries of the MARCO. The title is taken from Giovanni Anselmo’s celebrated piece, Entrare nell’opera (1971), a photographic emulsion on canvas, in which the artist photographs himself crossing a hillside in an action we interpret as revelatory of the relationship between the artist and his work and between space and time. The artist alters his role to generate a situation of integration, causing the spectator to react also, who, while without actually physically entering the work, nevertheless participates in it as a witness of the rupture of the limits traditionally dividing subject and object. The piece’s ultimate meaning, therefore, resides in the viewer’s reaction.
The fundamental role of the viewer in the creation of the artwork has informed discussions and essays in recent decades. Throughout the 20th century there arose a number of concepts a propos the open work, the emancipated spectator and the death of the author, and the role of the public, by virtue of either its physical presence or its need to involve itself actively, became essential for an artwork to become considered complete. The artist ceased to be the pivot of the process and, as Douglas Crimp has noted, the coordinates of perception were defined not just by the encounter of spectator and work but also by the space they occupied. To what extent does the public actually need to be before an artwork? Does not the simple fact of looking count for something?
The paradox surrounding the concept of spectator and which situates the latter somewhere between passivity and action is the departure point of this series of projects, which analyses the condition of the public as an integral part of the artwork. The direct relationship between the two, that is, their physical exchange and immediate reciprocity, generates a new dimension in which time and space alter the conditions of reception and perception.
Rubén Grilo
The work of Rubén Grilo (Lugo, 1981), which drinks from the fount of conceptual art, explores art as a valid tool by which to deal with what we do not know, incorporating noise as part of the act of communicating with the spectator and analyzing the way in which the technologies of image, cultural codes, information, display, intuition, representation and cognition participate in constructing reality in both a positive and negative way.
The title of the exhibition, ‘PowerPoint Karaoke’, refers to an event organised by Berliner collective Zentrale Intelligenz Agentur in 2006. This consisted of PowerPoint presentations compiled of more or less random material, mostly taken from the Internet, which the participants did not know and had to explain to the audience in real time. Beneath the entertaining surface was a critique of PowerPoint as a standard medium for transmitting ideas, learning and as a determining factor in making decisions.
Orchestrated from this premise, Grilo’s works balance between the absurd and the unavoidable acknowledgement of images linked to a particular cultural context, intensifying the relationship of the viewer to the visual medium and incorporating unexpected layers of information, references to other artists, concepts, and cryptic ideas that collide, interlink and disperse at the moment of the viewing.
The looped PowerPoint presentation, the medium chosen for most of the pieces exhibited, provides an opportunity to revise the modern idea of image autonomy by means of a channel whose codes are familiar to the public. Another interesting aspect of PowerPoint — in relation to video — is that despite its temporal dimension, its content can by definition be modified, since its integrity is not based on physicality but rather on a general concept that groups together a series of interchangeable texts and images. It has to do with orality, with communication, with the speed at which ideas are transmitted and interpreted, with associations, and with cognition. The difference to the normal use of PowerPoint is that here there is no orator to narrate the images, to make sense of them, or to make associations. The idea of PowerPoint Karaoke beautifully explains that in this case it is the spectator that becomes the performer, or the person responsible for taking these images and recomposing them or interpreting them in such a way as to be useful to him.
The use of laser projection technology, present in the two computer-controlled animations, is another of Grilo’s lines of investigation. With regard to these works, the artist refers to the following thought: ‘The invariant component in a transformation carries information about an object and the variant component carries other information, for example, about the relation of the perceiver to the object. When an observer attends to certain invariants he perceives objects; when he attends to certain variants he has sensations’.
The exhibition includes the installation A cuarenta y un metros y cuarenta centímetros de lo mismo, 2011, in which two similar but differently-sized objects are perceived as the same if they have enough distance between them. It also includes a collection of objects — El beneficio del ignorante, 2009-2011— whose uniqueness lies in the fact that despite having been designed with an evident purpose, the artist does not acknowledge its use.
Finally, the work Un museo alternativo, 2010, which becomes visible beyond the exhibition rooms, consists in changing the MARCO logotype and replacing the original on the different communication media — the Museum’s website, labelling, stationery, signage — for the duration of the exhibition, like a kind of fiction of a parallel world condensed into the design of a logo.